The Chapters on Blood Money

"The first matter concerning which judgment will be passed among the people on the Day of Resurrection will be bloodshed."

‏ أَوَّلُ مَا يُقْضَى بَيْنَ النَّاسِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فِي الدِّمَاءِ ‏"

"No person is killed wrongfully, but a share of responsibility for his blood will be upon, the first son of Adam, because he was the first one to kill."

‏ لاَ تُقْتَلُ نَفْسٌ ظُلْمًا إِلاَّ كَانَ عَلَى ابْنِ آدَمَ الأَوَّلِ كِفْلٌ مِنْ دَمِهَا لأَنَّهُ أَوَّلُ مَنْ سَنَّ الْقَتْلَ ‏"

The first matter concerning which judgment will be passed among the people on the Day of Resurrection will be bloodshed."

‏ أَوَّلُ مَا يُقْضَى بَيْنَ النَّاسِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فِي الدِّمَاءِ ‏"

"Whoever meets Allah (SWT) not associating anything in worship with him, and not having shed any blood unlawfully, will enter Paradise."

‏ مَنْ لَقِيَ اللَّهَ لاَ يُشْرِكُ بِهِ شَيْئًا لَمْ يَتَنَدَّ بِدَمٍ حَرَامٍ دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ ‏"

"If this world were to be destroyed, that would be less significant before Allah (SWT) than the unlawful killing of a believer."

‏ لَزَوَالُ الدُّنْيَا أَهْوَنُ عَلَى اللَّهِ مِنْ قَتْلِ مُؤْمِنٍ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ ‏"

"Whoever helps to kill a believer, even with half a world, he will meet Allah (SWT) with (the words) written between his eyes, 'He has no hope of the mercy of Allah (SWT)."

‏ مَنْ أَعَانَ عَلَى قَتْلِ مُؤْمِنٍ بِشَطْرِ كَلِمَةٍ لَقِيَ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ مَكْتُوبٌ بَيْنَ عَيْنَيْهِ آيِسٌ مِنْ رَحْمَةِ اللَّهِ ‏"

"Ibn Abbas was asked about one who kills a believer deliberately, then repents, believes, does righteous deeds and follows true guidance. He said: 'Woe to him can there be any guidance for him? I heard your Prophet (ﷺ) say: "The killer and his victim will be brought on the day of Resurrection, with slain holding onto the head of his killer, saying: 'O Lord, ask this one, why did he kill me?" By Allah (SWT), Allah (SWT) the Mighty and Sublime revealed it to your Prophet (ﷺ) then He did not abrogate it after He revealed it."

‏ يَجِيءُ الْقَاتِلُ وَالْمَقْتُولُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِرَأْسِ صَاحِبِهِ يَقُولُ رَبِّ سَلْ هَذَا لِمَ قَتَلَنِي ‏"

"Shall I not tell you what I heard directly from the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)? I heard it and memorized it: 'A man killed ninety-nine people, then the idea of repentance occurred to him. He asked who was the most knowledgeable of people on earth, and he was told of a man so he went to him and said: "I have killed ninety-nine people. Can I repent?" He said: "After ninety-nine people?!" He said: 'So he drew his sword and killed him, thus completing one hundred. Then the idea of repentance occurred to him (again), so he asked who was the most knowledgeable of people, and he was told of a man (so he went to him) and said: "I have killed one hundred people. Can I repent?" He said: "Woe to you, what is stopping you from repenting? Leave the evil town where you are living and go to a good town, such and such town and worship your Lord there" So he went out, heading for the good town, but death came to him on the road. The angels of mercy and angels of punishment argued over him. Iblis (Satan) said: "I have more right to him, for he never disobeyed me for a moment. "But the angels of mercy said: "He want out repenting." (One of the narrators) Hammam said: "Humaid At-Tawil narrated to me from Bakr bin Abdullah that Abu Rafi said: 'So Allah (SWT) sent an angel to whom they referred (the case). He said: "Look and see which of the two towns was he closer, and put him with its people." (One of the narrators) Qatadah said: "Hasan narrated to us: 'When death came to him he strove and drew closer to the good town, and farther away from the evil town, so they put him with the people of the good town."

‏ إِنَّ عَبْدًا قَتَلَ تِسْعَةً وَتِسْعِينَ نَفْسًا ثُمَّ عَرَضَتْ لَهُ التَّوْبَةُ فَسَأَلَ عَنْ أَعْلَمِ أَهْلِ الأَرْضِ فَدُلَّ عَلَى رَجُلٍ فَأَتَاهُ ‏.‏ فَقَالَ إِنِّي قَتَلْتُ تِسْعَةً وَتِسْعِينَ نَفْسًا فَهَلْ لِي مِنْ تَوْبَةٍ قَالَ بَعْدَ تِسْعَةٍ وَتِسْعِينَ نَفْسًا ‏.‏ قَالَ فَانْتَضَى سَيْفَهُ فَقَتَلَهُ فَأَكْمَلَ بِهِ الْمِائَةَ ثُمَّ عَرَضَتْ لَهُ التَّوْبَةُ فَسَأَلَ عَنْ أَعْلَمِ أَهْلِ الأَرْضِ فَدُلَّ عَلَى رَجُلٍ فَأَتَاهُ فَقَالَ إِنِّي قَتَلْتُ مِائَةَ نَفْسٍ فَهَلْ لِي مِنْ تَوْبَةٍ قَالَ فَقَالَ وَيْحَكَ وَمَنْ يَحُولُ بَيْنَكَ وَبَيْنَ التَّوْبَةِ اخْرُجْ مِنَ الْقَرْيَةِ الْخَبِيثَةِ الَّتِي أَنْتَ فِيهَا إِلَى الْقَرْيَةِ الصَّالِحَةِ قَرْيَةِ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَاعْبُدْ رَبَّكَ فِيهَا ‏.‏ فَخَرَجَ يُرِيدُ الْقَرْيَةَ الصَّالِحَةَ فَعَرَضَ لَهُ أَجَلُهُ فِي الطَّرِيقِ فَاخْتَصَمَتْ فِيهِ مَلاَئِكَةُ الرَّحْمَةِ وَمَلاَئِكَةُ الْعَذَابِ قَالَ إِبْلِيسُ أَنَا أَوْلَى بِهِ إِنَّهُ لَمْ يَعْصِنِي سَاعَةً قَطُّ ‏.‏ قَالَ فَقَالَتْ مَلاَئِكَةُ الرَّحْمَةِ إِنَّهُ خَرَجَ تَائِبًا ‏"

قَالَ هَمَّامٌ فَحَدَّثَنِي حُمَيْدٌ الطَّوِيلُ، عَنْ بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِي رَافِعٍ، قَالَ فَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ مَلَكًا فَاخْتَصَمُوا إِلَيْهِ ثُمَّ رَجَعُوا فَقَالَ انْظُرُوا أَىَّ الْقَرْيَتَيْنِ كَانَتْ أَقْرَبَ فَأَلْحِقُوهُ بِأَهْلِهَا ‏.‏

قَالَ قَتَادَةُ فَحَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ، قَالَ لَمَّا حَضَرَهُ الْمَوْتُ احْتَفَزَ بِنَفْسِهِ فَقَرُبَ مِنَ الْقَرْيَةِ الصَّالِحَةِ وَبَاعَدَ مِنْهُ الْقَرْيَةَ الْخَبِيثَةَ فَأَلْحَقُوهُ بِأَهْلِ الْقَرْيَةِ الصَّالِحَةِ ‏.‏

قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْقَطَّانُ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبَغْدَادِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَفَّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا هَمَّامٌ، فَذَكَرَ نَحْوَهُ ‏.‏

"Whoever suffers from killing or wounding, has the choice of three things, and if he wants the fourth then restrain him. He may kill (the killer), or forgive him, or take the blood money. Whoever accepts any of these (options), then kills (the killer) after that will have the fire of hell to abide therein forever."

‏ مَنْ أُصِيبَ بِدَمٍ أَوْ خَبْلٍ - وَالْخَبْلُ الْجُرْحُ - فَهُوَ بِالْخِيَارِ بَيْنَ إِحْدَى ثَلاَثٍ فَإِنْ أَرَادَ الرَّابِعَةَ فَخُذُوا عَلَى يَدَيْهِ أَنْ يَقْتُلَ أَوْ يَعْفُوَ أَوْ يَأْخُذَ الدِّيَةَ فَمَنْ فَعَلَ شَيْئًا مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَعَادَ فَإِنَّ لَهُ نَارَ جَهَنَّمَ خَالِدًا مُخَلَّدًا فِيهَا أَبَدًا ‏"

"If a person's relative is killed, he has the choice of two things: He may either have the killer killed, or he may demand the blood money."

‏ مَنْ قُتِلَ لَهُ قَتِيلٌ فَهُوَ بِخَيْرِ النَّظَرَيْنِ إِمَّا أَنْ يَقْتُلَ وَإِمَّا أَنْ يُفْدَى ‏"

"My father and my paternal uncle, who were present at Hunain with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) narrated to me: 'The Prophet (ﷺ) prayed Zuhr, then he sat beneath a tree. Aqra' bin Habis, who was the chief of Khindaf, came to him arguing in defense of Muhallim bin Jaththamah. Uyainah bin Hisn came to him demanding vengeance for 'Amir bin Adbat who was from the tribe of Ashja. The Prophet (ﷺ) said to them: "Will you accept the blood money?'" But they refused. Then a man from Banu Laith, whose name was Mukaital, stood up and said: 'O Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)! By Allah (SWT)! This man who was killed in the early days of Islam is like Sheep that come to drink but stones are thrown at them, so the last of them runs away (i.e. ,the murderer should be killed).' The Prophet (ﷺ) said: 'You will have fifty (camels) while we are traveling and fifty (camels) when we return.' So they accepted the blood money."

حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو خَالِدٍ الأَحْمَرُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ضُمَيْرَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي وَعَمِّي، وَكَانَا، شَهِدَا حُنَيْنًا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالاَ صَلَّى النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم الظُّهْرَ ثُمَّ جَلَسَ تَحْتَ شَجَرَةٍ فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ الأَقْرَعُ بْنُ حَابِسٍ - وَهُوَ سَيِّدُ خِنْدِفَ يَرُدُّ - عَنْ دَمِ مُحَلِّمِ بْنِ جَثَّامَةَ وَقَامَ عُيَيْنَةُ بْنُ حِصْنٍ يَطْلُبُ بِدَمِ عَامِرِ بْنِ الأَضْبَطِ وَكَانَ أَشْجَعِيًّا فَقَالَ لَهُمُ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏‏ تَقْبَلُونَ الدِّيَةَ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ فَأَبَوْا فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي لَيْثٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ مُكَيْتِلٌ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهِ مَا شَبَّهْتُ هَذَا الْقَتِيلَ فِي غُرَّةِ الإِسْلاَمِ إِلاَّ كَغَنَمٍ وَرَدَتْ فَرُمِيَتْ فَنَفَرَ آخِرُهَا ‏.‏ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏"‏ لَكُمْ خَمْسُونَ فِي سَفَرِنَا وَخَمْسُونَ إِذَا رَجَعْنَا ‏"‏ ‏.‏ فَقَبِلُوا الدِّيَةَ ‏.‏"

"Whoever kills deliberately, he will be handed over to the heirs of the victim. If they want, they may kill him, or if they want, they may accept the blood money, which is thirty Hiqqah, thirty Jadha'ah and forty Khalifah. This is the blood money for deliberate slaying. Whatever is settled by reconciliation belongs to them, and that is a binding covenant."

‏ مَنْ قَتَلَ عَمْدًا دُفِعَ إِلَى أَوْلِيَاءِ الْقَتِيلِ فَإِنْ شَاءُوا قَتَلُوا وَإِنْ شَاءُوا أَخَذُوا الدِّيَةَ وَذَلِكَ ثَلاَثُونَ حِقَّةً وَثَلاَثُونَ جَذَعَةً وَأَرْبَعُونَ خَلِفَةً وَذَلِكَ عَقْلُ الْعَمْدِ مَا صُولِحُوا عَلَيْهِ فَهُوَ لَهُمْ وَذَلِكَ تَشْدِيدُ الْعَقْلِ ‏"

"Killing by mistake that resembles intentionally, is killing with a whip or stick, for which the blood money is one hundred camels, of which forty should be pregnant she-camels in middle of their pregnancies, with their young in their wombs."

‏ قَتِيلُ الْخَطَإِ شِبْهِ الْعَمْدِ قَتِيلُ السَّوْطِ وَالْعَصَا مِائَةٌ مِنَ الإِبِلِ أَرْبَعُونَ مِنْهَا خَلِفَةً فِي بُطُونِهَا أَوْلاَدُهَا ‏"

حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ، عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ أَوْسٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم نَحْوَهُ ‏.‏

the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) stood up on the Day of the conquest of Makkah, on the steps of the Ka'bah. He praised and glorified Allah (SWT), then he said: "Praise is to Allah (SWT) who has fulfilled His promise, granted victory to His slave and defeated the Confederates alone. The one who is killed by mistake is the one who is killed with a whip or a stick; for him the blood money is one hundred camels, of which forty should be pregnant she-camels with their youngs in their wombs. Every custom of Ignorance period, and every blood claim, is beneath these two feet of mine (i.e. is abolished), except for the custodianship of the Ka'bah and the provision of water for the pilgrims, which I confirm still belong to the people to whom they belonged before."

‏ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي صَدَقَ وَعْدَهُ وَنَصَرَ عَبْدَهُ وَهَزَمَ الأَحْزَابَ وَحْدَهُ أَلاَ إِنَّ قَتِيلَ الْخَطَإِ قَتِيلَ السَّوْطِ وَالْعَصَا فِيهِ مِائَةٌ مِنَ الإِبِلِ مِنْهَا أَرْبَعُونَ خَلِفَةً فِي بُطُونِهَا أَوْلاَدُهَا أَلاَ إِنَّ كَلَّ مَأْثُرَةٍ كَانَتْ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَدَمٍ تَحْتَ قَدَمَىَّ هَاتَيْنِ إِلاَّ مَا كَانَ مِنْ سِدَانَةِ الْبَيْتِ وَسِقَايَةِ الْحَاجِّ أَلاَ إِنِّي قَدْ أَمْضَيْتُهُمَا لأَهْلِهِمَا كَمَا كَانَا ‏"

the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) set the blood money at twelve thousand (Dirham).

حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاذُ بْنُ هَانِئٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَنَّهُ جَعَلَ الدِّيَةَ اثْنَىْ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا ‏.‏

"Whoever is killed by mistake, his blood money in camels is thirty Bint Makhad (a one-year-old she-camel), thirty Bint LAbu n (a two-year-old she-camel), thirty Hiqqah (a three-year-old she-camel) and ten Bani LAbu n (two-years-old male-camel)." The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to fix the value (of the blood money for accidental killing) among town-dwellers at four hundred Dinar or the equivalent value in silver. When he calculated the price in terms of camels (for Bedouins), it would vary from one time to another. When prices roses, the value (in dinars) would rise: and when prices fell, the value (in Dinar) would fall. At the time of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) the value was between four hundred and eight hundred dinar, or the equivalent value in silver, eight thousand Dirham. And the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) ruled that if a person's blood money was paid in cattle, among those who kept cattle, the amount was two hundred cows; and if person's blood money was paid in sheep, among those who kept sheep, the value was two thousand sheep. (Hasan).

‏ مَنْ قُتِلَ خَطَأً فَدِيَتُهُ مِنَ الإِبِلِ ثَلاَثُونَ بِنْتَ مَخَاضٍ وَثَلاَثُونَ ابْنَةَ لَبُونٍ وَثَلاَثُونَ حِقَّةً وَعَشَرَةُ بَنِي لَبُونٍ ‏"

"The blood money of one who killed by mistake is twenty Hiqqah (three-year-old she camels), twenty Jadha'ah (four year old she camels), twenty Bint Makhad (one year old she camel), twenty Bint LAbu n (two year old she camels), and twenty Bani Makhad (one year old she camels)."

‏ فِي دِيَةِ الْخَطَإِ عِشْرُونَ حِقَّةً وَعِشْرُونَ جَذَعَةً وَعِشْرُونَ بِنْتَ مَخَاضٍ وَعِشْرُونَ بِنْتَ لَبُونٍ وَعِشْرُونَ بَنِي مَخَاضٍ ذُكُورٍ ‏"

the Prophet (ﷺ) set the blood money at twelve thousand (Dirham). He said: "This is what Allah says: 'And they could not find any cause to do so except that Allah and his Messenger (ﷺ) had enriched them of His bounty.'" He said: "By their taking the blood money."

حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سِنَانٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم جَعَلَ الدِّيَةَ اثْنَىْ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا قَالَ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ ‏{وَمَا نَقَمُوا إِلاَّ أَنْ أَغْنَاهُمُ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ}‏ قَالَ بِأَخْذِهِمُ الدِّيَةَ ‏.‏

"The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) ruled that the blood money must be paid by the 'Aqilah."

حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ نَضْلَةَ، عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ، قَالَ قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم بِالدِّيَةِ عَلَى الْعَاقِلَةِ ‏.‏

"I am the heir of the one who has no heir, and I will pay blood money on his behalf and inherit from him, and the maternal uncle is the heir of the one who has no heir; he pays the blood money on his behalf and inherits from him.'"

‏ أَنَا وَارِثُ مَنْ لاَ وَارِثَ لَهُ أَعْقِلُ عَنْهُ وَأَرِثُهُ وَالْخَالُ وَارِثُ مَنْ لاَ وَارِثَ لَهُ يَعْقِلُ عَنْهُ وَيَرِثُهُ ‏"

"Whoever kills out of folly or for tribal motives, using a rock, a whip, or a stick; he must pay the blood money for killing by mistake. Whoever kills deliberately, he is to be killed in retaliation. Whoever tries to prevent that, upon him is the curse of Allah, the angels and all the people, and no change nor equitable exchange will be accepted from him."

‏ مَنْ قَتَلَ فِي عِمِّيَّةٍ أَوْ عَصَبِيَّةٍ بِحَجَرٍ أَوْ سَوْطٍ أَوْ عَصًا فَعَلَيْهِ عَقْلُ الْخَطَإِ وَمَنْ قَتَلَ عَمْدًا فَهُوَ قَوَدٌ وَمَنْ حَالَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهُ فَعَلَيْهِ لَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ وَالْمَلاَئِكَةِ وَالنَّاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ لاَ يُقْبَلُ مِنْهُ صَرْفٌ وَلاَ عَدْلٌ ‏"

a man struck another man on the wrist with his sword and severed it, not at the joint. He appealed to the Prophet (ﷺ) who ordered that the Diyah be paid. The man said: "O Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), I want retaliation." He said: "Take the compensation and may Allah bless you therein." And he did not rule that he be allowed retaliation.

‏ خُذِ الدِّيَةَ بَارَكَ اللَّهُ لَكَ فِيهَا ‏"

"There is no retaliation for a head wound that does not reach the brain, a spear wound that does not penetrate deeply, or a wound that dislocates a bone."

‏ لاَ قَوَدَ فِي الْمَأْمُومَةِ وَلاَ الْجَائِفَةِ وَلاَ الْمُنَقِّلَةِ ‏"

the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) sent Abu Jahm bin Hudhaifah to collect Sadaqah. A man disputed with him concerning his Sadaqah, and Abu Jahm struck him and wounded his head. They came to Prophet (ﷺ) and said: "Compensatory money, O Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)!" The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "You will have such and such," but they did not accept that. He said: "You will have such and such," and they agreed. Then the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "I am going to address the people and tell them that you agreed." They said: "Yes." So the Prophet (ﷺ) addressed (the people) and said: "These people of Laith came to me seeking compensatory money, and I have offered them such and such. Do you agree?" They said: "No." The Emigrants wanted to attack them, but the Prophet (ﷺ) told them not to, so they refrained. Then he called them and offered them more and said: "Do you agree?" They said: "Yes." He said: "I am going to address the people and tell them that you agreed." They said: "Yes." So the Prophet (ﷺ) addressed (the people) then said: "Do you Agree?" They said: "Yes."

حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أَنْبَأَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم بَعَثَ أَبَا جَهْمِ بْنَ حُذَيْفَةَ مُصَدِّقًا فَلاَجَّهُ رَجُلٌ فِي صَدَقَتِهِ فَضَرَبَهُ أَبُو جَهْمٍ فَشَجَّهُ فَأَتَوُا النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقَالُوا الْقَوَدَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ‏.‏ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏‏ لَكُمْ كَذَا وَكَذَا ‏"‏ ‏.‏ فَلَمْ يَرْضَوْا فَقَالَ ‏"‏ لَكُمْ كَذَا وَكَذَا ‏"‏ ‏.‏ فَرَضُوا فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏"‏ إِنِّي خَاطِبٌ عَلَى النَّاسِ وَمُخْبِرُهُمْ بِرِضَاكُمْ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قَالُوا نَعَمْ ‏.‏ فَخَطَبَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقَالَ ‏"‏ إِنَّ هَؤُلاَءِ اللَّيْثِيِّينِ أَتَوْنِي يُرِيدُونَ الْقَوَدَ فَعَرَضْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ كَذَا وَكَذَا أَرَضِيتُمْ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قَالُوا لاَ ‏.‏ فَهَمَّ بِهِمُ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ فَأَمَرَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَنْ يَكُفُّوا فَكَفُّوا ثُمَّ دَعَاهُمْ فَزَادَهُمْ فَقَالَ ‏"‏ أَرَضِيتُمْ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قَالُوا نَعَمْ ‏.‏ قَالَ ‏"‏ إِنِّي خَاطِبٌ عَلَى النَّاسِ وَمُخْبِرُهُمْ بِرِضَاكُمْ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قَالُوا نَعَمْ ‏.‏ فَخَطَبَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم ثُمَّ قَالَ ‏"‏ أَرَضِيتُمْ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قَالُوا نَعَمْ ‏.‏ قَالَ ابْنُ مَاجَهْ سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ يَحْيَى يَقُولُ تَفَرَّدَ بِهَذَا مَعْمَرٌ لاَ أَعْلَمُ رَوَاهُ غَيْرُهُ ‏.‏"

"The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) ruled concerning a fetus that (the blood money) was a slave, male and female. The one against whom this verdict was passed said: ' Should we pay blood money for one who neither ate, drunk, shouted, nor cried, (at the moment of birth)? One such as this should be overlooked .' The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'This man speaks like a poet. (But the blood money for a fetus is) a slave, male, or female.'"

‏ إِنَّ هَذَا لَيَقُولُ بِقَوْلِ شَاعِرٍ فِيهِ غُرَّةٌ عَبْدٌ أَوْ أَمَةٌ ‏"

"Umar bin Khattab consulted the people concerning a woman who had been caused to miscarry. Al-Mughirah bin Shu'bah said: 'I saw the messenger of Allah (ﷺ) rule that a slave, male or female, be given as blood money (for a fetus).' 'Umar said: 'Bring me someone who will testify alongside you. So he brought Muhammad bin Maslamah to testify along with him.'"

حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ الْمِسْوَرِ بْنِ مَخْرَمَةَ، قَالَ اسْتَشَارَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ النَّاسَ فِي إِمْلاَصِ الْمَرْأَةِ يَعْنِي سِقْطَهَا فَقَالَ الْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ شُعْبَةَ شَهِدْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَضَى فِيهِ بِغُرَّةٍ عَبْدٍ أَوْ أَمَةٍ ‏.‏ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ائْتِنِي بِمَنْ يَشْهَدُ مَعَكَ ‏.‏ فَشَهِدَ مَعَهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ ‏.‏

he asked the people about the ruling of the Prophet (ﷺ) concerning that - concerning a fetus. Hamal bin Malik bin Nabighah stood up and said: "I was between my two wives and one of them struck the other with a tent-pole, killing her and a fetus. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) ruled that the blood money for the fetus was a slave, and that she would be killed in retaliation."

حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَاصِمٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ طَاوُسًا، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، أَنَّهُ نَشَدَ النَّاسَ قَضَاءَ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فِي ذَلِكَ يَعْنِي فِي الْجَنِينِ فَقَامَ حَمَلُ بْنُ مَالِكِ بْنِ النَّابِغَةِ فَقَالَ كُنْتُ بَيْنَ امْرَأَتَيْنِ لِي فَضَرَبَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا الأُخْرَى بِمِسْطَحٍ فَقَتَلَتْهَا وَقَتَلَتْ جَنِينَهَا فَقَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فِي الْجَنِينِ بِغُرَّةٍ عَبْدٍ وَأَنْ تُقْتَلَ بِهَا ‏.‏

"The blood money is for the near male relatives from the father's side and the wife does not inherit anything from the blood money of her husband," until Ad-Dahhak bin Sufyan wrote to him, and told him that the Prophet (ﷺ) ruled that the wife of Ashyam bin Dibabi should inherit from the blood money of her husband.

حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ، كَانَ يَقُولُ الدِّيَةُ لِلْعَاقِلَةِ وَلاَ تَرِثُ الْمَرْأَةُ مِنْ دِيَةِ زَوْجِهَا شَيْئًا حَتَّى كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ الضَّحَّاكُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَرَّثَ امْرَأَةَ أَشْيَمَ الضِّبَابِيِّ مِنْ دِيَةِ زَوْجِهَا ‏.‏

That the Prophet (ﷺ) ruled that Hamal bin Malik Hudhali Al-Lihyani should inherit from his wife who was killed by his other wife.

حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ رَبِّهِ بْنُ خَالِدٍ النُّمَيْرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الْفُضَيْلُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَضَى لِحَمَلِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ الْهُذَلِيِّ اللِّحْيَانِيِّ بِمِيرَاثِهِ مِنَ امْرَأَتِهِ الَّتِي قَتَلَتْهَا امْرَأَتُهُ الأُخْرَى ‏.‏

the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) ruled that the blood money for the people of the book is half of that of the blood money for the Muslims, and they are the Jews and Christians.

حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَاتِمُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَيَّاشٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، ‏.‏ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَضَى أَنَّ عَقْلَ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابَيْنِ نِصْفُ عَقْلِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَهُمُ الْيَهُودُ وَالنَّصَارَى ‏.‏

the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "The killer does not inherit."

‏ الْقَاتِلُ لاَ يَرِثُ ‏"

Abu Qatadah, a man from Banu Mudlij, killed his son, and 'Umar took one hundred camels from him, thirty Hiqqah, thirty Jadha'ah and forty Khalifah. Then he said: "Where is the brother of slain? I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: 'The killer does not inherit.'"

‏ لَيْسَ لِقَاتِلٍ مِيرَاثٌ ‏"

"The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) ruled that a woman's blood money (if she kills someone) should be paid by her male relatives on her father's side, whoever they are, and they should not inherit anything from her, except what is left over after her heirs have been taken their shares. If she is killed than her blood money is to be shared among her heirs, since they are the ones who may kill the one who killed her."

حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، أَنْبَأَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، أَنْبَأَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رَاشِدٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، قَالَ قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَنْ يَعْقِلَ الْمَرْأَةَ عَصَبَتُهَا مَنْ كَانُوا وَلاَ يَرِثُوا مِنْهَا شَيْئًا إِلاَّ مَا فَضَلَ عَنْ وَرَثَتِهَا وَإِنْ قُتِلَتْ فَعَقْلُهَا بَيْنَ وَرَثَتِهَا فَهُمْ يَقْتُلُونَ قَاتِلَهَا ‏‏ ‏.‏"

"The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) ruled that the blood money should be paid by the near male relations from the father's side of the killer, and the such relatives of slain woman said: 'O Messenger of Allah (ﷺ),her legacy is for us.' He said: 'No, her legacy is for her husband and children.'"

‏ لاَ مِيرَاثُهَا لِزَوْجِهَا وَوَلَدِهَا ‏"

"Rubai, the paternal aunt of Anas, broke the tooth of a girl and they (her family) asked (the girl's family) to let her off, but they refused. They offered to pay compensatory money, but they refused. So they came to Prophet (ﷺ) who ordered retaliation. Anas bin Nadr said: 'O Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), will the tooth of Rubai' be broken? By the One Who sent you with the truth, it will not be broken!' The Prophet (ﷺ) said: 'O Anas, what Allah has decreed is retaliation.' So the people accepted that and forgave her. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'there are among the slaves of Allah those who, if they swear by Allah, Allah fulfills their oath.'"

حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى أَبُو مُوسَى، حَدَّثَنَا خَالِدُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، وَابْنُ أَبِي عَدِيٍّ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، قَالَ كَسَرَتِ الرُّبَيِّعُ عَمَّةُ أَنَسٍ ثَنِيَّةَ جَارِيَةٍ فَطَلَبُوا الْعَفْوَ فَأَبَوْا فَعَرَضَ عَلَيْهِمُ الأَرْشَ فَأَبَوْا فَأَتَوُا النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَأَمَرَ بِالْقِصَاصِ ‏.‏ فَقَالَ أَنَسُ بْنُ النَّضْرِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ تُكْسَرُ ثَنِيَّةُ الرُّبَيِّعِ وَالَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ لاَ تُكْسَرُ ‏.‏ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏‏ يَا أَنَسُ كِتَابُ اللَّهِ الْقِصَاصُ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قَالَ فَرَضِيَ الْقَوْمُ فَعَفَوْا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏"‏ إِنَّ مِنْ عِبَادِ اللَّهِ مَنْ لَوْ أَقْسَمَ عَلَى اللَّهِ لأَبَرَّهُ ‏"‏ ‏.‏"

"Teeth are all the same; the incisor and the molar are the same."

‏ الأَسْنَانُ سَوَاءٌ الثَّنِيَّةُ وَالضِّرْسُ سَوَاءٌ ‏"

the Prophet (ﷺ) ruled that (the compensatory money) for a tooth was five camels.

حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْبَالِسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ شَقِيقٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو حَمْزَةَ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ النَّحْوِيُّ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَنَّهُ قَضَى فِي السِّنِّ خَمْسًا مِنَ الإِبِلِ ‏.‏

"This and this are the same" - meaning the pinky finger, ring finger and thumb.

‏ هَذِهِ وَهَذِهِ سَوَاءٌ ‏"

"The fingers are all same, and (the compensatory money) for each of them is ten camels.

‏ الأَصَابِعُ سَوَاءٌ كُلُّهُنَّ فِيهِنَّ عَشْرٌ عَشْرٌ مِنَ الإِبِلِ ‏"

"The fingers are the same."

‏ الأَصَابِعُ سَوَاءٌ ‏"

"For a wound that exposes a bone, is five; (the compensation) is five camels."

‏ فِي الْمَوَاضِحِ خَمْسٌ خَمْسٌ مِنَ الإِبِلِ ‏"

"We went out with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) on the military expedition of Tabuk, and with us was a friend of ours. He fought with another man while we were on the road. The man bit the hand on his opponent, who pulled away his hand and the man's tooth fell out. He came to Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) demanding compensatory money for his tooth, and the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'Would anyone of you go and bite his brother like a stallion, then come demanding compensatory money? There is no compensatory for this.'" Hence, The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) invalidated it (1:e compensatory in such case).

‏ يَعْمِدُ أَحَدُكُمْ إِلَى أَخِيهِ فَيَعَضُّهُ كَعِضَاضِ الْفَحْلِ ثُمَّ يَأْتِي يَلْتَمِسُ الْعَقْلَ لاَ عَقْلَ لَهَا ‏"

man bit another man on his forearm; he pulled away his arm away and the man's tooth fell out. The matter was referred to Prophet (ﷺ) who invalidated it and said: 'Would one of you bite (another) like a stallion?'"

‏ يَقْضَمُ أَحَدُكُمْ كَمَا يَقْضَمُ الْفَحْلُ ‏"

"I said to 'Ali bin Abu Talib: 'Do you have any knowledge that the people do not have?' He said: 'No, by Allah, we only know what the people know, except that Allah may bless a man with understanding of Qur'an or what is in this sheet, in which are mentioned the rulings on blood money from the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and it says that a Muslim should not be killed in retaliation for the murder of disbeliever.'"

حَدَّثَنَا عَلْقَمَةُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو الدَّارِمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ، عَنْ مُطَرِّفٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي جُحَيْفَةَ، قَالَ قُلْتُ لِعَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ هَلْ عِنْدَكُمْ شَىْءٌ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ لَيْسَ عِنْدَ النَّاسِ قَالَ لاَ وَاللَّهِ مَا عِنْدَنَا إِلاَّ مَا عِنْدَ النَّاسِ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَرْزُقَ اللَّهُ رَجُلاً فَهْمًا فِي الْقُرْآنِ أَوْ مَا فِي هَذِهِ الصَّحِيفَةِ فِيهَا الدِّيَاتُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَأَنْ لاَ يُقْتَلَ مُسْلِمٌ بِكَافِرٍ ‏.‏

"A Muslim should not be killed in retaliation for the murder of a disbeliever."

‏ لاَ يُقْتَلُ مُسْلِمٌ بِكَافِرٍ ‏"

" A believer should not be killed in retaliation for the murder of a disbeliever, and a person who has a treaty should not be killed during the time of the treaty."

‏ لاَ يُقْتَلُ مُؤْمِنٌ بِكَافِرٍ وَلاَ ذُو عَهْدٍ فِي عَهْدِهِ ‏"

"A father should not be killed for his son."

‏ لاَ يُقْتَلُ بِالْوَلَدِ الْوَالِدُ ‏"

"I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: 'A father should not be killed for his son.'"

‏ لاَ يُقْتَلُ الْوَالِدُ بِالْوَلَدِ ‏"

"Whoever kills his slave, we will kill him, and whoever mutilates (his slave) we will mutilate him."

‏ مَنْ قَتَلَ عَبْدَهُ قَتَلْنَاهُ وَمَنْ جَدَعَهُ جَدَعْنَاهُ ‏"

"A man killed his slave deliberately and with malice aforethought, so the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) gave him one hundred lashes, banished him for one year, and cancelled his share from among the Muslims."

حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ الطَّبَّاعِ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي فَرْوَةَ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ حُنَيْنٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَعَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، قَالَ قَتَلَ رَجُلٌ عَبْدَهُ عَمْدًا مُتَعَمِّدًا فَجَلَدَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم مِائَةً وَنَفَاهُ سَنَةً وَمَحَا سَهْمَهُ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ‏‏ ‏.‏"

a Jew crushed the head of a woman between two rocks and killed her, so the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) crushed his head between two rocks.

حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، عَنْ هَمَّامِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ يَهُودِيًّا، رَضَخَ رَأْسَ امْرَأَةٍ بَيْنَ حَجَرَيْنِ فَقَتَلَهَا فَرَضَخَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم رَأْسَهُ بَيْنَ حَجَرَيْنِ ‏.‏

a Jew killed a girl for her jewelry. He asked her (as she was dying): "Did so-and-so kill you?" and she gestured with her head to say no. Then he asked her again, and she gestured with her head to say no. he asked her a third time and she gestured with her head to say yes. So the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) killed him (by crushing his head) between two rocks.

‏ أَقَتَلَكِ فُلاَنٌ ‏"

"There is no retaliation with the sword."

‏ لاَ قَوَدَ إِلاَّ بِالسَّيْفِ ‏"

"There is no retaliation except with the sword."

‏ لاَ قَوَدَ إِلاَّ بِالسَّيْفِ ‏"

I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) saying during the Farewell pilgrimage: "No criminal commits a crime but he brings. (the punishment for that) upon himself. No father can bring punishment upon his son by his crime, and no son can bring punishment upon his father."

‏ أَلاَ لاَ يَجْنِي جَانٍ إِلاَّ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ لاَ يَجْنِي وَالِدٌ عَلَى وَلَدِهِ وَلاَ مَوْلُودٌ عَلَى وَالِدِهِ ‏"

"I saw the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) raising his hands until I saw the whiteness of his armpits, saying: 'No child should be punished because of his mother's crime, no child should be punished because of his mother's crime."

‏ أَلاَ لاَ تَجْنِي أُمٌّ عَلَى وَلَدٍ أَلاَ لاَ تَجْنِي أُمٌّ عَلَى وَلَدٍ ‏"

"I came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and my son was with me. He said: 'You will not be punished because of his crime and he will not be punished because of yours.'"

‏ لاَ تَجْنِي عَلَيْهِ وَلاَ يَجْنِي عَلَيْكَ ‏"

"No person will be punished because of another's crime."

‏ لاَ تَجْنِي نَفْسٌ عَلَى أُخْرَى ‏"

"The injuries caused by the beast are without liability, and wells are without liability, and mines are without liability."

‏ الْعَجْمَاءُ جَرْحُهَا جُبَارٌ وَالْمَعْدِنُ جُبَارٌ وَالْبِئْرُ جُبَارٌ ‏"

"I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: 'The injuries cause by the beast are without liability, and mines are without liability."

‏ الْعَجْمَاءُ جَرْحُهَا جُبَارٌ وَالْمَعْدِنُ جُبَارٌ ‏"

"The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) ruled that there is no liability for injuries caused by falling into a mines or a well, nor those caused by a beast."

حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ رَبِّهِ بْنُ خَالِدٍ النُّمَيْرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا فُضَيْلُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، حَدَّثَنِي مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ، قَالَ قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَنَّ الْمَعْدِنَ جُبَارٌ وَالْبِئْرَ جُبَارٌ وَالْعَجْمَاءُ جَرْحُهَا جُبَارٌ ‏.‏ وَالْعَجْمَاءُ الْبَهِيمَةُ مِنَ الأَنْعَامِ وَغَيْرِهَا ‏.‏ وَالْجُبَارُ هُوَ الْهَدَرُ الَّذِي لاَ يُغَرَّمُ ‏.‏

"(The injuries caused by) a fire are without liability, and by falling into a well."

‏ النَّارُ جُبَارٌ وَالْبِئْرُ جُبَارٌ ‏"

Abdullah bin Sahl and Muhayyishah set out for Khaibar because of some problem that had arisen. Someone came to Muhayyishah, and he told him that Abdullah bin Sahl had been killed and thrown into a pit or well in Khaibar. He came to the Jews and said: "By Allah, you killed him." They said: "By Allah, we did not kill him." Then he went back to his people and told them about that. Then he and his brother Huwayyisah, who was older than him, and 'Abdur-Rahman bin Sahl, came (to the Prophet (ﷺ)). Muhayyisah, who was the one who had been at Khaibar, went and he began to speak, but the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Let the elder speak first." So Huwayyisah spoke, then Muhayyisah spoke. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Either (the Jews) will pay the blood money for your companion, or war will be declared on them." The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) sent a letter to that effect (to the Jews) and they wrote back saying: "By Allah, we did not kill him." The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said to Huwayyisah, Muhayyisah and Abdur-Rahman: "Will you swear an oath establishing your claim to the blood money of your companion?" They said: "No" He said: "Should the Jews swear an oath for you?" They said: "They are not Muslims." So the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) paid the blood money himself, and he sent one hundred she-camels to them and some of them entered the house. Sahl said: "A red she-camels from among them kicked me."

حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ حَكِيمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، سَمِعْتُ مَالِكَ بْنَ أَنَسٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو لَيْلَى بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَهْلِ بْنِ حُنَيْفٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ، أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ عَنْ رِجَالٍ، مِنْ كُبَرَاءِ قَوْمِهِ أَنَّ عَبْدَ، اللَّهِ بْنَ سَهْلٍ وَمُحَيِّصَةَ خَرَجَا إِلَى خَيْبَرَ مِنْ جَهْدٍ أَصَابَهُمْ فَأُتِيَ مُحَيِّصَةُ فَأُخْبِرَ أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ سَهْلٍ قَدْ قُتِلَ وَأُلْقِيَ فِي فَقِيرٍ أَوْ عَيْنٍ بِخَيْبَرَ فَأَتَى يَهُودَ فَقَالَ أَنْتُمْ وَاللَّهِ قَتَلْتُمُوهُ ‏.‏ قَالُوا وَاللَّهِ مَا قَتَلْنَاهُ ‏.‏ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ حَتَّى قَدِمَ عَلَى قَوْمِهِ فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لَهُمْ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ هُوَ وَأَخُوهُ حُوَيِّصَةُ وَهُوَ أَكْبَرُ مِنْهُ وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ سَهْلٍ فَذَهَبَ مُحَيِّصَةُ يَتَكَلَّمُ وَهُوَ الَّذِي كَانَ بِخَيْبَرَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم لِمُحَيِّصَةَ ‏‏ كَبِّرْ كَبِّرْ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ يُرِيدُ السِّنَّ فَتَكَلَّمَ حُوَيِّصَةُ ثُمَّ تَكَلَّمَ مُحَيِّصَةُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏"‏ إِمَّا أَنْ يَدُوا صَاحِبَكُمْ وَإِمَّا أَنْ يُؤْذِنُوا بِحَرْبٍ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ فَكَتَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم إِلَيْهِمْ فِي ذَلِكَ فَكَتَبُوا إِنَّا وَاللَّهِ مَا قَتَلْنَاهُ ‏.‏ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم لِحُوَيِّصَةَ وَمُحَيِّصَةَ وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ‏"‏ تَحْلِفُونَ وَتَسْتَحِقُّونَ دَمَ صَاحِبِكُمْ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قَالُوا لاَ ‏.‏ قَالَ ‏"‏ فَتَحْلِفُ لَكُمْ يَهُودُ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قَالُوا لَيْسُوا بِمُسْلِمِينَ فَوَدَاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم مِنْ عِنْدِهِ فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم مِائَةَ نَاقَةٍ حَتَّى أُدْخِلَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الدَّارَ فَقَالَ سَهْلٌ فَلَقَدْ رَكَضَتْنِي مِنْهَا نَاقَةٌ حَمْرَاءُ ‏.‏"

Huwayyisah and Muhayyisah , the sons of Mas'ud, and 'Abdullah and 'Abdur-Rahman the sons of Sahl, went out to search for food in Khaibar. 'Abdullah was attacked and killed, and mention of that was made to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). He said: "Will you swear an oath and establish your right to blood money?" They said: "O Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), how can we swear an oath when we did not witness anything?" He said: "Do you want the Jews to swear that they are innocent?" They said: "O Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), then they will kill us too." So the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) paid the blood money himself.

حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو خَالِدٍ الأَحْمَرُ، عَنْ حَجَّاجٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، أَنَّ حُوَيِّصَةَ، وَمُحَيِّصَةَ، ابْنَىْ مَسْعُودٍ وَعَبْدَ اللَّهِ وَعَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ ابْنَىْ سَهْلٍ خَرَجُوا يَمْتَارُونَ بِخَيْبَرَ فَعُدِيَ عَلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فَقُتِلَ فَذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقَالَ ‏‏ تُقْسِمُونَ وَتَسْتَحِقُّونَ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ فَقَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ كَيْفَ نُقْسِمُ وَلَمْ نَشْهَدْ قَالَ ‏"‏ فَتُبْرِئُكُمْ يَهُودُ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِذًا تَقْتُلُنَا ‏.‏ قَالَ فَوَدَاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم مِنْ عِنْدِهِ ‏.‏"

his grandfather came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and he had castrated a slave of his. The Prophet (ﷺ) manumitted the slave in compensation for having been mutilated.

حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ السَّلاَمِ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي فَرْوَةَ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ رَوْحِ بْنِ زِنْبَاعٍ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، أَنَّهُ قَدِمَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَقَدْ خَصَى غُلاَمًا لَهُ فَأَعْتَقَهُ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم بِالْمُثْلَةِ ‏.‏

"A man came to the Prophet (ﷺ) screaming. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said to him: 'What is the matter with you?' He said: 'My master saw me kissing a slave woman of his, so he cut off my penis.' The Prophet (ﷺ) said: 'Take me to the man.' He was sought but could not be found, so the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'Go, for you are free.' He said: 'Who will protect me, O Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)? What if my master enslaves me again?' The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'Your protection will be (incumbent upon) every believer or Muslim.'"

حَدَّثَنَا رَجَاءُ بْنُ الْمُرَجَّى السَّمَرْقَنْدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا النَّضْرُ بْنُ شُمَيْلٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو حَمْزَةَ الصَّيْرَفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، قَالَ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم صَارِخًا فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏‏ مَا لَكَ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قَالَ سَيِّدِي رَآنِي أُقَبِّلُ جَارِيَةً لَهُ فَجَبَّ مَذَاكِيرِي ‏.‏ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏"‏ عَلَىَّ بِالرَّجُلِ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ فَطُلِبَ فَلَمْ يُقْدَرْ عَلَيْهِ ‏.‏ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏"‏ اذْهَبْ فَأَنْتَ حُرٌّ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قَالَ عَلَى مَنْ نُصْرَتِي يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ يَقُولُ أَرَأَيْتَ إِنِ اسْتَرَقَّنِي مَوْلاَىَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏"‏ عَلَى كُلِّ مُؤْمِنٍ أَوْ مُسْلِمٍ ‏"‏ ‏.‏"

"The most decent of the people in killing are the people of faith."

‏ إِنَّ مِنْ أَعَفِّ النَّاسِ قِتْلَةً أَهْلَ الإِيمَانِ ‏"

"The most decent people in killing are the people of faith."

‏ إِنَّ أَعَفَّ النَّاسِ قِتْلَةً أَهْلُ الإِيمَانِ ‏"

"The blood of every Muslims is equal, they are one hand against others. The asylum offered by the lowest of them in status applies to them (all), and the return is granted to the farthest of them."

‏ الْمُسْلِمُونَ تَتَكَافَأُ دِمَاؤُهُمْ وَهُمْ يَدٌ عَلَى مَنْ سِوَاهُمْ يَسْعَى بِذِمَّتِهِمْ أَدْنَاهُمْ وَيُرَدُّ عَلَى أَقْصَاهُمْ ‏"

"The Muslims are one hand against others, and their blood is equal."

‏ الْمُسْلِمُونَ يَدٌ عَلَى مَنْ سِوَاهُمْ وَتَتَكَافَأُ دِمَاؤُهُمْ ‏"

"The hand of the Muslims is over others, and their blood and wealth is equal in value. The (asylum granted by) the lowest of them applies to the Muslims, and the Muslims return (the spoils of war) to the farthest of them."

‏ يَدُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَلَى مَنْ سِوَاهُمْ تَتَكَافَأُ دِمَاؤُهُمْ وَيُجِيرُ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَدْنَاهُمْ وَيَرُدُّ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَقْصَاهُمْ ‏"

"Whoever kills a Mu'ahid, will not smell the fragrance of Paradise, even though its fragrance may be detected from a distance of forty years."

‏ مَنْ قَتَلَ مُعَاهِدًا لَمْ يَرَحْ رَائِحَةَ الْجَنَّةِ وَإِنَّ رِيحَهَا لَيُوجَدُ مِنْ مَسِيرَةِ أَرْبَعِينَ عَامًا ‏"

"Whoever kills a Mu'ahid who has the protection of Allah and the protection of his Messenger, will not smell the fragrance of Paradise, even though its fragrance may be detected from a distance of Seventy years."

‏ مَنْ قَتَلَ مُعَاهِدًا لَهُ ذِمَّةُ اللَّهِ وَذِمَّةُ رَسُولِهِ لَمْ يَرَحْ رَائِحَةَ الْجَنَّةِ وَإِنَّ رِيحَهَا لَيُوجَدُ مِنْ مَسِيرَةِ سَبْعِينَ عَامًا ‏"

باب مَنْ أَمِنَ رَجُلاً عَلَى دَمِهِ فَقَتَلَهُ ‏.‏

"Were it not for a word that I heard from 'Amr bin Hamiq Khuza'i, I would have separated the head of Al-Mukhtar from his body. I heard him saying: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'If a man trusts someone with his life then he kills him, he will carry a banner of treachery on the day of Resurrection.'"

‏ مَنْ أَمِنَ رَجُلاً عَلَى دَمِهِ فَقَتَلَهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَحْمِلُ لِوَاءَ غَدْرٍ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ‏"

"I entered upon Mukhtar in his palace and he said: 'Jibril has just left me.' Nothing stopped me from striking his neck (1:e, killing him) but a Hadith that I heard from Sulaiman bin Surad, according to which the Prophet (ﷺ) said: 'If a man trusts you with his life, then do not kill him.' That is what stopped me."

‏ إِذَا أَمِنَكَ الرَّجُلُ عَلَى دَمِهِ فَلاَ تَقْتُلْهُ ‏"

"A man killed (another) during the time of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and was referred to the Prophet (ﷺ). He handed him over to the victim's next of kin, but the killer said: 'O Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), by Allah I did not mean to kill him.' The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said to the next of kin, 'If he is telling the truth and you kill him, you will go to Hell.' So he let him go. He had been tied with a rope, and he went out dragging his rope, so he became known as Dhan-Nis'ah (the one with the rope).

‏ أَمَا إِنَّهُ إِنْ كَانَ صَادِقًا ثُمَّ قَتَلْتَهُ دَخَلْتَ النَّارَ ‏"

"A man brought the killer of his relative to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'Pardon him,' but the refused. He said: 'Take the blood money,' but he refused. He said: 'Go and kill him, but then you will be like him.' Someone caught up with him and reminded him that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) had said: 'Go and kill him, but then you will be like him.' So he let him go.

حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عُمَيْرٍ، عِيسَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ النَّحَّاسُ وَعِيسَى بْنُ يُونُسَ وَالْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ أَبِي السَّرِيِّ الْعَسْقَلاَنِيُّ قَالُوا حَدَّثَنَا ضَمْرَةُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شَوْذَبٍ، عَنْ ثَابِتٍ الْبُنَانِيِّ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، قَالَ أَتَى رَجُلٌ بِقَاتِلِ وَلِيِّهِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏‏ اعْفُ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ فَأَبَى فَقَالَ ‏"‏ خُذْ أَرْشَكَ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ فَأَبَى ‏.‏ قَالَ ‏"‏ اذْهَبْ فَاقْتُلْهُ فَإِنَّكَ مِثْلُهُ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قَالَ فَلُحِقَ بِهِ فَقِيلَ لَهُ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَدْ قَالَ ‏"‏ اقْتُلْهُ فَإِنَّكَ مِثْلُهُ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ فَخَلَّى سَبِيلَهُ ‏.‏ قَالَ فَرُئِيَ يَجُرُّ نِسْعَتَهُ ذَاهِبًا إِلَى أَهْلِهِ ‏.‏ قَالَ كَأَنَّهُ قَدْ كَانَ أَوْثَقَهُ ‏.‏"

‏ اقْتُلْهُ فَإِنَّكَ مِثْلُهُ ‏"

"I only know it from Anas bin Malik who said: 'No case involving retaliation was referred to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) but he enjoined forgiveness."

حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، أَنْبَأَنَا حَبَّانُ بْنُ هِلاَلٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ بَكْرٍ الْمُزَنِيُّ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي مَيْمُونَةَ، قَالَ لاَ أَعْلَمُهُ إِلاَّ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، قَالَ مَا رُفِعَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم شَىْءٌ فِيهِ الْقِصَاصُ إِلاَّ أَمَرَ فِيهِ بِالْعَفْوِ ‏.‏

"I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: 'There is no man who suffers some (injury) on his body and forgives (the perpetrator), but Allah (SWT) will raise him one degree in status thereby, or erase from him one sin.'My own ears heard it and my heart memorized it."

‏ مَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ يُصَابُ بِشَىْءٍ مِنْ جَسَدِهِ فَيَتَصَدَّقُ بِهِ إِلاَّ رَفَعَهُ اللَّهُ بِهِ دَرَجَةً أَوْ حَطَّ عَنْهُ بِهِ خَطِيئَةً ‏"

"If a woman kills someone deliberately, she should not be killed until she delivers what is in her womb, if she is pregnant, and until the child's sponsorship is guaranteed. And if a woman commits illegal sex, she should not be stoned until she delivers what is in her womb and until her child's sponsorship is guaranteed."

‏ الْمَرْأَةُ إِذَا قَتَلَتْ عَمْدًا لاَ تُقْتَلُ حَتَّى تَضَعَ مَا فِي بَطْنِهَا إِنْ كَانَتْ حَامِلاً وَحَتَّى تُكَفِّلَ وَلَدَهَا وَإِنْ زَنَتْ لَمْ تُرْجَمْ حَتَّى تَضَعَ مَا فِي بَطْنِهَا وَحَتَّى تُكَفِّلَ وَلَدَهَا ‏"