Jihad

"He who dies without having gone or thought of going out for Jihad in the Cause of Allah, will die while being guilty of having one of the qualities of hypocrisy." Related by Muslim.

مَنْ مَاتَ وَلَمْ يَغْزُ, وَلَمْ يُحَدِّثْ نَفْسَهُ بِهِ, مَاتَ عَلَى شُعْبَةٍ مِنْ نِفَاقٍ"

"Fight the disbelievers (polytheists) with your property, yourselves and your tongues." Related by Ahmad, An-Nasa"i and Al-Hakim graded it as Sahih.

جَاهِدُوا اَلْمُشْرِكِينَ بِأَمْوَالِكُمْ, وَأَنْفُسِكُمْ, وَأَلْسِنَتِكُمْ"

"O Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)! Is Jihad prescribed (also) for women?' Allah's Messenger said, "Yes, a Jihad which is without fighting, it is Hajj and 'Umrah." Related by Ibn Majah.

نَعَمْ.‏ جِهَادٌ لَا قِتَالَ فِيهِ, اَلْحَجُّ وَالْعُمْرَةُ"

Abdullah bin 'Umar (RAA) narrated "A man came to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) asking his permission to go out for Jihad. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) asked him, "Are your parents alive?" He replied, "Yes.' The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) then said to him, "Then your Jihad would be with them (i.e. in looking after them and being at their service.)." Agreed upon.

وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِوٍ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ: { جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى اَلنَّبِيِّ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-يَسْتَأْذِنُهُ فِي اَلْجِهَادِ.‏ فَقَالَ: [ أَ ] حَيٌّ وَالِدَاكَ?" , قَالَ: نَعَمْ: قَالَ: " فَفِيهِمَا فَجَاهِدْ" } .‏ مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ 1‏ .‏"

Ahmad and Abu Dawud transmitted a similar hadith on the authority of Abu Sa'id, and they added the extra statement, "Go back and ask for their permission. If they permit you to go, then go for Jihad otherwise, be good to them (look after them).

اِرْجِعْ فَاسْتَأْذِنْهُمَا, فَإِنْ أَذِنَا لَكَ; وَإِلَّا فَبِرَّهُمَا"

"Any Muslim who stays among the polytheists, does not belong to me." Related by the three Imams with a sound chain of narrators. Imam Al-Bukhari considered it as Mursal (i.e. the companion is absent from the chain of narrators.

أَنَا بَرِئٌ مِنْ كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ يُقِيمُ بَيْنَ اَلْمُشْرِكِينَ"

"There is no emigration (from Makkah to al·Madinah) after the conquest of Makkah, but only Jihad (in the Cause of Allah) and a good intention.

لَا هِجْرَةَ بَعْدَ اَلْفَتْحِ, وَلَكِنْ جِهَادٌ وَنِيَّةٌ"

"The one who fights for Allah's word to become Superior, is striving in Allah's Cause." Agreed upon.

مَنْ قَاتَلَ لِتَكُونَ كَلِمَةُ اَللَّهِ هِيَ اَلْعُلْيَا, فَهُوَ فِي سَبِيلِ اَللَّهِ"

"Emigration (to fight the enemy) will continue as long as an enemy is fought." Related by An-Nasa'i, and Ibn Hibban graded it as Sahih.

لَا تَنْقَطِعُ اَلْهِجْرَةُ مَا قُوتِلَ اَلْعَدُوُّ"

Nafi' (RAA) narrated, "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) made an attack on Bani al-Mustaliq when they were unaware. He killed the men who were lighting and took the women and children as captives.' 'Abdullah bin Umar told me about it. Agreed upon.

وَعَنْ نَافِعٍ قَالَ: 1‏ { أَغَارُ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-عَلَى بَنِيَّ اَلْمُصْطَلِقِ, وَهُمْ غَارُّونَ, فَقَتَلَ مُقَاتِلَتَهُمْ, وَسَبَى ذَرَارِيَّهُمْ.‏ حَدَّثَنِي بِذَلِكَ عَبْدُ اَللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ 2‏ .‏

Call them to Islam, and if they agree accept it from them. Then invite them to migrate from their land to the land of the Emigrants (i.e. al-Madinah), if they refuse, then tell them they will be like the Muslim desert Arabs, thus they will have no right in the Ghanimah or Fai' unless they participate in Jihad with the Muslims. If they refuse (to accept Islam) order them to pay the Jizyah and if they agree, accept it from them. If they refuse, seek Allah, the Most High's help against them and fight them. When you besiege a fortress, and its people wish you to grant them the protection of Allah and His Prophet, grant them neither but grant them your protection, for it is less serious (a lesser guilt) to break your guarantee of protection than to break that of Allah's. And if they offer to capitulate under the condition that they are subjected to the judgment of Allah, do not grant them this, but judge according to your own command, for you do not know whether or not you will be able to carry out Allah, the Most High's Judgment regarding them." Related by Muslim.

اُغْزُوا بِسْمِ اَللَّهِ, فِي سَبِيلِ اَللَّهِ, قَاتِلُوا مِنْ كَفَرَ بِاَللَّهِ, اُغْزُوا, وَلَا تَغُلُّوا, وَلَا تَغْدُرُوا, وَلَا تُمَثِّلُوا, وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا وَلِيداً, وَإِذَا لَقِيتَ عَدُوَّكَ مِنْ اَلْمُشْرِكِينَ فَادْعُهُمْ إِلَى ثَلَاثِ خِصَالٍ, فَأَيَّتُهُنَّ أَجَابُوكَ إِلَيْهَا, فَاقْبَلْ مِنْهُمْ, وَكُفَّ عَنْهُمْ: اُدْعُهُمْ إِلَى اَلْإِسْلَامِ فَإِنْ أَجَابُوكَ فَاقْبَلْ مِنْهُمْ.‏ ثُمَّ اُدْعُهُمْ إِلَى اَلتَّحَوُّلِ مِنْ دَارِهِمْ إِلَى دَارِ اَلْمُهَاجِرِينَ, فَإِنْ أَبَوْا فَأَخْبَرْهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ يَكُونُونَ كَأَعْرَابِ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ, وَلَا يَكُونُ لَهُمْ 1‏ .‏ فِي اَلْغَنِيمَةِ وَالْفَيْءِ شَيْءٌ إِلَّا أَنْ يُجَاهِدُوا مَعَ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ.‏ فَإِنْ هُمْ أَبَوْا فَاسْأَلْهُمْ اَلْجِزْيَةَ, فَإِنْ هُمْ أَجَابُوكَ فَاقْبَلْ مِنْهُمْ, فَإِنْ أَبَوْا فَاسْتَعِنْ بِاَللَّهِ وَقَاتِلْهُمْ.‏ وَإِذَا حَاصَرْتَ أَهْلَ حِصْنٍ فَأَرَادُوكَ أَنْ تَجْعَلَ لَهُمْ ذِمَّةَ اَللَّهِ وَذِمَّةَ نَبِيِّهِ, فَلَا تَفْعَلْ, وَلَكِنْ اِجْعَلْ لَهُمْ ذِمَّتَكَ; فَإِنَّكُمْ إِنْ تُخْفِرُوا ذِمَمَكُمْ 2‏ .‏ أَهْوَنُ مِنْ أَنَّ تُخْفِرُوا ذِمَّةَ اَللَّهِ, وَإِذَا أَرَادُوكَ أَنْ تُنْزِلَهُمْ عَلَى حُكْمِ اَللَّهِ, فَلَا تَفْعَلْ, بَلْ عَلَى حُكْمِكَ; فَإِنَّكَ لَا تَدْرِي أَتُصِيبُ فِيهِمْ حُكْمَ اَللَّهِ أَمْ لَا"

Ka'b bin Malik (RAA) narrated that Whenever the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) intended to go out on a battle, he would pretend to head in a different destination. Agreed upon.

وَعَنْ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- { أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-كَانَ إِذَا أَرَادَ غَزْوَةً وَرَّى بِغَيْرِهَا } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ 1‏ .‏

Ma'qil bin An-Nu"man bin Muqarrin (RAA) narrated, "I witnessed (battles with) Allah's Messenger and if he did not start fighting at the beginning of the day, he delayed the fighting till the sun had passed the meridian, and the wind blew and victory descended from Allah." Related by Ahmad and the three Imams. Al-Hakim graded it as Sahih.

وَعَنْ مَعْقِلٍ; أَنَّ اَلنُّعْمَانَ بْنَ مُقَرِّنٍ قَالَ: { شَهِدْتُ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-إِذَا لَمْ يُقَاتِلْ أَوَّلَ اَلنَّهَارِ أَخَّرَ اَلْقِتَالِ حَتَّى تَزُولَ اَلشَّمْسُ, وَتَهُبَّ اَلرِّيَاحُ, وَيَنْزِلَ اَلنَّصْرُ } رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ وَالثَّلَاثَةُ, وَصَحَّحَهُ اَلْحَاكِمُ 1‏ .‏ وَأَصْلُهُ فِي اَلْبُخَارِيِّ 2‏ .‏

As-Sa'b bin Jath-thamah (RAA) narrated, "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) was asked about the polytheists whose land was attacked at night with the probability that some of their women and offspring were killed or hurt.' He said "They are from among them." Agreed upon.

هُمْ مِنْهُمْ"

A'ishah (RAA) narrated that The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said to a man who followed him on the day of the Battle of Badr, "Go back I will not seek help from a Mushrik (polytheist)." Reported by Muslim.

اِرْجِعْ.‏ فَلَنْ أَسْتَعِينَ بِمُشْرِكٍ"

Ibn 'Umar (RAA) narrated that The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) saw a woman who was killed in one of his expeditions, so he disapproved the killing of women and children. Agreed upon.

وَعَنْ اِبْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا; { أَنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-رَأَى اِمْرَأَةً مَقْتُولَةً فِي بَعْضِ مَغَازِيهِ, فَأَنْكَرَ قَتْلَ اَلنِّسَاءِ وَالصِّبْيَانِ } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ 1‏ .‏

"Kill the mature men of the polytheists but spare their children." Related by Abu Dawud and At-Tirmidhi graded it as Sahih.

اُقْتُلُوا شُيُوخَ اَلْمُشْرِكِينَ, وَاسْتَبْقُوا شَرْخَهُمْ"

Ali (RAA) narrated that They (the Muslims and the polytheists) engaged in duel combat on the Day of Badr. Related by Al-Bukhari and Abu Dawud reported it as part of a long hadith.

وَعَنْ عَلِيٍّ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- { أَنَّهُمْ تَبَارَزُوا يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ } رَوَاهُ اَلْبُخَارِيُّ 1‏ .‏ وَأَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ مُطَوَّلاً 2‏ .‏

This verse was revealed concerning us (al-Ansar).' He was referring to the verse, "And do not throw yourselves into destruction (2:195). Abu Aiyub said that to answer those who disapproved of the action of those who attacked the Romans till they were amidst their army.' Related by the three Imams, and At-Tirmidhi, Ibn Hibban and Al-Hakim graded it as Sahih.

وَعَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- قَالَ: إِنَّمَا أُنْزِلَتْ هَذِهِ اَلْآيَةُ فِينَا مَعْشَرَ اَلْأَنْصَارِ, يَعْنِي: ﴿ وَلَا تُلْقُوا بِأَيْدِيكُمْ إِلَى اَلتَّهْلُكَةِ ﴾ 1‏ قَالَهُ رَدًّا عَلَى مَنْ أَنْكَرَ عَلَى مَنْ حَمَلَ عَلَى صَفِ اَلرُّومِ حَتَّى دَخَلَ فِيهِمْ .‏ رَوَاهُ اَلثَّلَاثَةُ, وَصَحَّحَهُ اَلتِّرْمِذِيُّ, وَابْنُ حِبَّانَ, وَالْحَاكِمُ 2‏ .‏

Ibn 'Umar narrated that The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) burnt the palm trees of Banu an-Nadir and cut them down. Agreed upon,

وَعَنْ اِبْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ: { حَرَقَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-نَخْلَ بَنِي اَلنَّضِيرِ, وَقَطَعَ } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ 1‏ .‏

"Do not be dishonest (and treacherous) about the war booty (i.e. steal from it before it is divided legally), as Ghulul will be like fire (for the ones who got involved in it) and a cause of disgrace to those who are guilty of it in this world and in the Hereafter." Related by Ahmad, and An-Nasa"i, and Ibn Hibban graded it as Sahih.

لَا تَغُلُّوا; فَإِنَّ اَلْغُلُولَ نَارٌ وَعَارٌ عَلَى أَصْحَابِهِ فِي اَلدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ"

Auf bin Malik (RAA) narrated, "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) judged that the belongings taken from the (non-Muslim enemy) killed soldier in a war, are to be given to the one who killed him.' Related by Abu Dawud. Muslim reported it as part of a long hadith.

وَعَنْ عَوْفِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- { أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-قَضَى بِالسَّلَبِ لِلْقَاتِلِ } رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ 1‏ .‏ وَأَصْلُهُ عِنْدَ مُسْلِمٍ 2‏ .‏

"No.' The Prophet then looked at the swords and said, "Both of you killed him." He then ordained that the belongings (weapons, shields etc..) of Abu Jahl should go to Mu 'adh bin 'Amro bin al-Jamuh.' Agreed upon.

وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اَلرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- فِي ‏- قِصَّةِ قَتْلِ أَبِي جَهْلٍ ‏- قَالَ: { فَابْتَدَرَاهُ بِسَيْفَيْهِمَا حَتَّى قَتَلَاهُ, ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-فَأَخْبَرَاهُ, فَقَالَ: أَيُّكُمَا قَتَلَهُ? هَلْ مَسَحْتُمَا سَيْفَيْكُمَا ?" قَالَا: لَا.‏ قَالَ: فَنَظَرَ فِيهِمَا, فَقَالَ: "كِلَاكُمَا قَتَلَهُ, سَلْبُهُ لِمُعَاذِ بْنِ عَمْرِوِ بْنِ اَلْجَمُوحِ" } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ 1‏ .‏"

Makhul (RAA) narrated, "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) set up the ballista while attacking the people of at-Ta'if`.' Related by Abu Dawud with a trustworthy chain of narrators, but it is hadith Mursal.

اَلْمَرَاسِيلِ"

وَوَصَلَهُ الْعُقَيْلِيُّ بِإِسْنَادٍ ضَعِيفٍ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- 1‏ .‏

Anas (RAA) narrated that The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) entered Makkah with a helmet on his head, and when he took it off, a man came to him and said, "lbn Khattal is hanging on to the curtains of the Ka'bah.' The Prophet thereupon said, "Kill him." Agreed upon.

اُقْتُلُوهُ"

Sa'id bin Jubair (RAA) narrated, "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) killed three men on the day of Badr while they were in bonds (by throwing arrows at them until they died).' Related by Abu Dawud.

اَلْمَرَاسِيلِ"

"Imran bin Husain (RAA) narrated that The Prophet exchanged two Muslim men from captivity for one polytheist." Related by At-Tirmidhi.

وَعَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- { أَنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-فَدَى رَجُلَيْنِ مِنْ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ بِرَجُلٍ مِنْ اَلْمُشْرِكِينَ } أَخْرَجَهُ اَلتِّرْمِذِيُّ وَصَحَّحَهُ 1‏ .‏ وَأَصْلُهُ عِنْدَ مُسْلِمٍ 2‏ .‏

"If the people (polytheists) accept Islam they will protect their blood and property? Related by Abu Dawud.

إِنَّ اَلْقَوْمَ إِذَا أَسْلَمُوا ؛ أَحْرَزُوا دِمَاءَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ"

Jubair bin Mut'im (RAA) narrated, "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said concerning the prisoners of war taken at Badr, "If al-Mut'am bin 'Adi had been alive and spoken to me about those filthy ones(as they were polytheists), I would have freed them for him. Related by Al-Bukhari.

لَوْ كَانَ اَلْمُطْعَمُ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ حَيًّا, ثُمَّ كَلَّمَنِي فِي هَؤُلَاءِ اَلنَّتْنَى لَتَرَكْتُهُمْ لَهُ"

"On the Day (the battle) of Autas, we took women captives who had husbands. The Companions felt uneasy to have any sexual relation with them. Then Allah, the Most High revealed the verse, "And women already married (are prohibited for you) except for those whom you possess. (4:24). sent a Sariyah to Najd, and I was among them. They got many camels as spoils and each one's share was twelve camels, and they were given an additional camel each." Agreed upon.

وَعَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ اَلْخُدْرِيِّ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- قَالَ: { أَصَبْنَا سَبَايَا يَوْمَ أَوْطَاسٍ لَهُنَّ أَزْوَاجٌ, فَتَحَرَّجُوا, فَأَنْزَلَ اَللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿ وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ اَلنِّسَاءِ إِلَّا مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ ﴾ 1‏ } أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ 2‏ .‏

Ibn 'Umar (RAA) narrated, 'The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) sent a Sariyah (a small army for Jihad) to Najd, and I was among them. They got many camels as spoils and each one's share was twelve camels, and they were given an additional camel each.'. Agreed upon.

وَعَنْ اِبْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ: { بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-سَرِيَّةٍ وَأَنَا فِيهِمْ, قِبَلَ نَجْدٍ, فَغَنِمُوا إِبِلاً كَثِيرَةً, فَكَانَتْ سُهْمَانُهُمْ اِثْنَيْ عَشَرَ بَعِيراً, وَنُفِّلُوا بَعِيراً بَعِيراً } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ 1‏ .‏

Ibn 'Umar (RAA) narrated, "On the Day of Khaibar, the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) allotted two shares for a horse, and one share (from the war booty) for the fighter. Agreed upon and the wording is from Al-Bukhari.

وَعَنْهُ قَالَ: { قَسَمَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏- 1‏ يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ لِلْفَرَسِ سَهْمَيْنِ, وَلِلرَّاجِلِ سَهْمًا } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.‏ وَاللَّفْظُ لِلْبُخَارِيِّ 2‏ .‏

Abu Dawud also reported, "He allotted three shares for a man and his horse, two for his horse and one for him.'

وَلِأَبِي دَاوُدَ: { أَسْهَمَ لِرَجُلٍ وَلِفَرَسِهِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَسْهُمٍ: سَهْمَيْنِ لِفَرَسِهِ, وَسَهْماً لَهُ } 1‏ .‏

Ma'n bin Yazid narrated, "I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say, "Additional booties (extra to the allotted share) are to be distributed only after the fifth has been kept aside." Related by Ahmad and Abu Dawud .At Tahawi graded it as Sahih.

لَا نَفْلَ إِلَّا بَعْدَ اَلْخُمُسِ"

Habib bin Maslamah (RAA) narrated, "I witnessed the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) give a quarter (of the war spoils) as an additional booty (to a Sariyah) when they gained booty on their way out to the fight, He also gave a third (of the war spoils) as an additional booty when they gained it on their way back. "Related by Abu Dawud, Ibn al-Garud, Ibn Hibban and Al-Hakim graded it as Sahih.

وَعَنْ حَبِيبِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةٍ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- قَالَ: { شَهِدْتُ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-نَفَّلَ اَلرُّبْعَ فِي اَلْبَدْأَةِ, وَالثُّلُثَ فِي اَلرَّجْعَةِ } رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ, وَصَحَّحَهُ ابْنُ اَلْجَارُودِ, وَابْنُ حِبَّانَ, وَالْحَاكِمُ 1‏ .‏

Ibn 'Umar (RAA) narrated, "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to give some (members) of the Sariyah he sent out (i.e. some of the soldiers), additional booties especially for them, apart from the shares which are given to the whole army.' Agreed upon.

وَعَنْ اِبْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ: { كَانَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-يُنَفِّلُ بَعْضَ مَنْ يَبْعَثُ مِنْ اَلسَّرَايَا لِأَنْفُسِهِمْ خَاصَّةً, سِوَى قَسْمِ عَامَّةِ اَلْجَيْشِ } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ 1‏ .‏

Ibn 'Umar (RAA) narrated, "On our expeditions, we used to get honey and grapes (as spoi1s) and eat them while on our military expeditions, without bringing them to the Prophet (or whoever is in charge of distributing the spoils).' Related by Al-Bukhari. Abu Dawud narrated, "The fifth was not taken from them.' Ibn Hibban graded it as Sahih.

وَعَنْهُ [ قَالَ ]: { كُنَّا نُصِيبُ فِي مَغَازِينَا اَلْعَسَلَ وَالْعِنَبَ , فَنَأْكُلُهُ وَلَا نَرْفَعُهُ } رَوَاهُ اَلْبُخَارِيُّ 1‏ .‏ وَلِأَبِي دَاوُدَ:  { فَلَمْ يُؤْخَذْ مِنْهُمْ اَلْخُمُسُ } .‏ وَصَحَّحَهُ ابْنُ حِبَّانَ 2‏ .‏

Abdullah bin Abi Aufa (RAA) narrated, "On the Day of Khaibar, we got some food (as spoils). The man would come and take as much as he needed and then go away.' Related by Abu Dawud.Ibn al-Garud and Al-Hakim graded it as Sahih.

وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي أَوْفَى رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ: { أَصَبْنَا طَعَاماً يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ, فَكَانَ اَلرَّجُلُ يَجِيءُ, فَيَأْخُذُ مِنْهُ مِقْدَارَ مَا يَكْفِيهِ, ثُمَّ يَنْصَرِفُ } أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ, وَصَحَّحَهُ ابْنُ اَلْجَارُودِ, وَالْحَاكِمُ 1‏ .‏

"He who believes in Allah and the Hereafter must not ride on an animal belonging to the booty of the Muslims and put it back when he has emaciated it, or wear a garment belonging to the booty of the Muslims and put it back when it is worn." Related by Abu Dawud and Ad- Darimi.

مَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاَللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ اَلْآخِرِ فَلَا يَرْكَبُ دَابَّةً مِنْ فَيْءِ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ, حَتَّى إِذَا أَعْجَفَهَا رَدَّهَا فِيهِ, وَلَا يَلْبَسُ ثَوْباً مِنْ فَيْءِ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ حَتَّى إِذَا أَخْلَقَهُ رَدَّهُ فِيهِ"

Abu 'Ubaidah al-Jarrah (RAA) narrated, "I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say, "Muslims must respect the protection granted (to a non-Muslim) by other Muslims." Related by Ibn Abi Shaibah and Ahmad with a weakness in its chain of narrators.

يُجِيرُ عَلَى اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ بَعْضُهُمْ"

At-Taialisi transmitted on the authority of 'Amro bin al-'As (RAA), "The right of giving protection to non-Muslims is extended to the most humble of the believers (and all Muslims must respect it and give him support).'

يُجِيرُ عَلَى اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ أَدْنَاهُمْ"

Al-Bukhari and Muslim transmitted on the authority of 'Ali (RAA), "The protection granted by one Muslim is like one given by them all, and this right is extended to the most humble of them.'

وَفِي اَلصَّحِيحَيْنِ" : عَنْ عَلِيٍّ [رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ]: { "ذِمَّةُ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ وَاحِدَةٌ يَسْعَى ِبهَا أَدْنَاهُمْ" } 1‏ .‏"

Ibn Majah narrated with a different chain of narrators, 'And the most eminent gives protection on their behalf.'

يُجِيرُ عَلَيْهِمْ أَقْصَاهُمْ"

Al-Bukhari and Muslim transmitted in the hadith of Umm Hani', "We have given protection to whom you have granted (protection)."

وَفِي اَلصَّحِيحَيْنِ" مِنْ حَدِيثٍ أَمِ هَانِئٍ: { قَدْ أَجَرْنَا مَنْ أَجَرْتِ" } 1‏ .‏"

Umar (RAA) narrated, "I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say, "I will certainly expel the Jews and the Christians from the Arabian Peninsula so as to leave only Muslims in it." Reported by Muslim.

لَأَخْرِجَنَّ اَلْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَارَى مِنْ جَزِيرَةِ اَلْعَرَبِ, حَتَّى لَا أَدَعَ إِلَّا مُسْلِماً"

Umar (RAA) narrated, "The wealth of Banu an-Nadir (one of the Jewish tribes) was part of what Allah bestowed on His Messenger , and which the Muslims had not ridden on horses or camels to get (i.e. they did not have to fight); so they belonged specially to the Prophet who would give his family their sustenance for a year, then applied what remained for horses and weapons and equipment in the Path of Allah, Who is Great and Glorious." Agreed upon.

وَعَنْهُ قَالَ: { كَانَتْ أَمْوَالُ بَنِي اَلنَّضِيرِ مِمَّا أَفَاءَ اَللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ, مِمَّا لَمْ يُوجِفْ عَلَيْهِ اَلْمُسْلِمُونَ بِخَيْلٍ وَلَا رِكَابٍ, فَكَانَتْ لِلنَّبِيِّ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-خَاصَّةً, فَكَانَ يُنْفِقُ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ نَفَقَةَ سَنَةٍ, وَمَا بَقِيَ يَجْعَلُهُ فِي اَلْكُرَاعِ وَالسِّلَاحِ, عُدَّةً فِي سَبِيلِ اَللَّهِ } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ.‏ 1‏ .‏"

Mu'adh bin Jabal (RAA) narrated, "We went on an expedition to Khaibar along with the Prophet and we got some sheep (as spoils). Then Allah's Messenger divided some of them among us and divided the rest with the other war booty," Related by Abu Dawud on the authority of reasonably reliable men.

وَعَنْ مُعَاذٍ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- قَالَ: { غَزَوْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-خَيْبَرَ, فَأَصَبْنَا فِيهَا غَنَمًا , فَقَسَمَ فِينَا رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-طَائِفَةً, وَجَعَلَ بَقِيَّتَهَا فِي اَلْمَغْنَمِ } رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ, وَرِجَالُهُ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِمْ 1‏ .‏"

"I do not break a covenant or imprison messengers." Related by Abu Dawud and An-Nasa'i. Ibn Hibban graded it as Sahih.

إِنِّي لَا أَخِيسُ بِالْعَهْدِ, وَلَا أَحْبِسُ اَلرُّسُلَ "

"Whichever town you take peacefully (they surrendered without, fighting), and stay therein, you have a share in it (in whatever is obtained from it); and whichever town disobeys Allah and His Messenger, a fifth of (its booty) goes to Allah and His Messenger and what remains is yours. Related by Muslim.

أَيُّمَا قَرْيَةٍ أَتَيْتُمُوهَا, فَأَقَمْتُمْ فِيهَا, فَسَهْمُكُمْ فِيهَا, وَأَيُّمَا قَرْيَةٍ عَصَتْ اَللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ, فَإِنْ خُمُسَهَا لِلَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ , ثُمَّ هِيَ لَكُمْ"

Abdur Rahman bin 'Auf (RAA) narrated, "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) took the Jizyah from the Magians of Hajar.' Related by Al-Bukhari.

اَلْمَوْطَأِ"

Asim bin 'Umar narrated On the authority of Anas and Uthman bin Abu Sulaiman (RAA),"The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) sent Khalid bin al-Walid to Ukaidir of Dawmat al-Jandal and they seized him and brought him to the Prophet (ﷺ). The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) spared his life and made peace with him on the condition that he should pay Jizyah.' Related by Abu Dawud.

وَعَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ عُمَرَ, عَنْ أَنَسٍ, وَعَن ْ 1‏ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ; { أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-بَعْثٍ خَالِدُ بْنُ اَلْوَلِيدِ إِلَى أُكَيْدِرِ دُومَةَ, فَأَخَذُوهُ , 2‏ فَحَقَنَ دَمِهِ, وَصَالَحَهُ عَلَى اَلْجِزْيَةِ } رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُد َ 3‏ .‏

Mu'adh bin Jabal (RAA) narrated, "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) sent me to Yemen and he commanded me to take the Jizyah from everyone who has reached the age of puberty-one Dinar- or its equivalent in Ma'afiri (garments of Yemeni origin).' Related by the three Imams. Ibn Hibban and Al-Hakim graded it as Sahih.

وَعَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- قَالَ: { بَعَثَنِي اَلنَّبِيُّ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-إِلَى اَلْيَمَنِ, وَأَمَرَنِي أَنْ آخُذَ مِنْ كُلِّ حَالِمٍ دِينَاراً, أَوْ عَدْلَهُ معافرياً } أَخْرَجَهُ اَلثَّلَاثَةِ, وَصَحَّحَهُ اِبْنُ حِبَّانَ, وَالْحَاكِم ُ 1‏ .‏

"Islam is always superior and should never be surpassed." Related by Ad-Daraqutni.

اَلْإِسْلَامِ يَعْلُو, وَلَا يُعْلَى"

"Do not start by saluting the Jews and the Christians (when you meet them), and if you meet any of them on the road, force him to go to the narrowest part of the road (i.e. do not give them positions of authority among you.)" Related by Muslim.

لَا تَبْدَؤُوا اَلْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَارَى بِالسَّلَامِ, وَإِذَا لَقِيتُمْ أَحَدَهُمْ فِي طَرِيقٍ, فَاضْطَرُّوهُ إِلَى أَضْيَقِهِ"

Al·Miswar bin Makhramah and Marwan narrated, "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) went out in the year of al-Hudaibiyah (reconciliation)- the narrator narrated a long hadith which contained, "this is what Muhammad bin 'Abdullah has reconciled with Suhail bin 'Amro, to stop fighting for 10 years during which time people will live safely, and refrain from lighting one another...' Related by Abu Dawud. It is part of a long hadith narrated by Al-Bukhari.

هَذَا مَا صَالَحَ عَلَيْهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ عَمْرِوٍ: عَلَى وَضْعِ اَلْحَرْبِ عَشْرِ سِنِينَ, يَأْمَنُ فِيهَا اَلنَّاسُ, وَيَكُفُّ بَعْضُهُمْ عَنْ بَعْضِ"

Muslim transmitted part of this hadith on the authority of Anas bin Malik (RAA) which says, "ln case any of you comes to us we shall not send him back to you (i.e. one of the Muslims who goes back to Quraysh), and in case any of us came to you, you should send him back to us (any of the people of Quraysh who goes to the Prophet they will send him back to Makkah).' The Companions asked the Prophet (ﷺ),'O Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)! Will you write this down?' He replied, "Yes. May Allah send out of His Mercy any of the Muslims who goes back to them. But Allah will grant a way out for anyone who comes to us from them."

نَعَمْ.‏ إِنَّهُ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ مِنَّا إِلَيْهِمْ فَأَبْعَدَهُ اَللَّهُ, وَمَنْ جَاءَنَا مِنْهُمْ, فَسَيَجْعَلُ اَللَّهُ لَهُ فَرَجاً وَمُخْرِجاً"

"Whoever kills a Mu'ahid will not smell the fragrance of Paradise, even though its fragrance could be smelt at a distance of forty years." Related by Al-Bukhari.

مِنْ قَتْلِ مُعَاهِداً لَمْ يَرَحْ رَائِحَةَ اَلْجَنَّةِ, وَإِنَّ رِيحَهَا لِيُوجَدَ مِنْ مَسِيرَةِ أَرْبَعِينَ عَامّاً"

Sufian said, "From al·Hafiya' to Thanyat al-Wada' is a distance of live or six miles and from Thanyat- al-Wada" to the mosque of Banu Zuraiq is a distance of one mile.'

عَنْ اِبْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ: { سَابَقَ اَلنَّبِيَّ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-بِالْخَيْلِ اَلَّتِي قَدْ أُضْمِرَتْ, مِنْ الْحَفْيَاءِ, وَكَانَ أَمَدُهَا ثَنِيَّةِ اَلْوَدَاعِ.‏ وَسَابَقَ بَيْنَ اَلْخَيْلِ اَلَّتِي لَمْ تُضَمَّرْ مِنْ اَلثَّنِيَّةِ إِلَى مَسْجِد ٍ 1‏ بَنِي زُرَيْقٍ, وَكَانَ اِبْنُ عُمَرَ فِيمَنْ سَابَقَ } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْه ِ 2‏ زَادَ اَلْبُخَارِيُّ, قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: مِنْ الْحَفْيَاءِ إِلَى ثَنِيَّةِ اَلْوَدَاعُ خَمْسَةِ أَمْيَالٍ, أَوْ سِتَّةَ, وَمِنْ اَلثَّنِيَّةِ إِلَى مَسْجِدِ بَنِي زُرَيْقٍ مِيل ٍ 3‏ .‏

Ibn 'Umar (RAA) narrated, " Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) held a horse race and made the destination from the fully grown ones at a longer distance Related by Ahmad and Abu Dawud. Ibn Hibban graded it as Sahih.

وَعَنْهُ; { أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-سَبْقَ بَيْنَ اَلْخَيْلِ, وَفَضْلِ اَلْقَرْحُ فِي اَلْغَايَةِ } رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ, وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ, وَصَحَّحَهُ اِبْنُ حِبَّان َ 1‏ .‏

Abu Hurairah (RAA) narrated that The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said ," Prize money is allowed only for racing camels, shooting arrows or racing horses." Related by Ahmad and the three lmams. Ibn Hibban graded it as Sahih.

لَا سَبْقَ إِلَّا فِي خُفٍّ, أَوْ نَصْلٍ, أَوْ حَافِرٍ"

"If anyone introduces a horse in a race with two other horses, when he is not certain that it cannot be beaten, there is no harm in it, but when he is certain (it cannot be beaten) it is then considered as gambling." Related by Ahmad and Abu Dawud with a weak chain of narrators.

مَنْ أَدْخُلُ فَرَساً بَيْنَ فَرَسَيْنِ ‏- وَهُوَ لَا يَأْمَنُ أَنْ يَسْبِقَ ‏- فَلَا بَأْسَ بِهِ, وَإِنْ أَمِنَ فَهُوَ قِمَارٌ"

"I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) recite when he was on the pulpit, "And make ready against them all you can of power, including steeds of war( tanks, planes etc.)" (8:60), surely strength is in shooting (arrows); surely strength is in shooting, surely strength is in shooting." Related by Muslim.

وَعَنْ عَقَبَةِ بْنُ عَامِرٍ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- { [ قَالَ ]: سَمِعْتَ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-وَهُوَ عَلَى اَلْمِنْبَرِ يَقْرَأُ: ﴿ وَأَعِدُّوا لَهُمْ مَا اِسْتَطَعْتُمْ مِنْ قُوَّةٍ ﴾ 1‏ أَلَا إِنَّ اَلْقُوَّةَ اَلرَّمْيُ, أَلَا إِنَّ اَلْقُوَّةَ اَلرَّمْيُ, أَلَا إِنَّ اَلْقُوَّةَ اَلرَّمْيُ } 2‏ .‏ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ .‏ 3‏ .‏"